Amazon Claims Major Efficiency Gains With New Data Center Network Design

Amazon has introduced a new networking approach for its data centres. The system is called resilient network graphs or RNG. It promises major gains in efficiency and resilience for Amazon Web Services (AWS) operations.

The design moves away from traditional fat tree structures. Those setups rely on layers of routers and switches that often create bottlenecks. RNG uses controlled random cable connections instead.

A device known as ShuffleBox handles the physical links. It randomises connections between network components. Software called Spraypoint then routes data packets across multiple paths to avoid congestion.

Amazon reports the changes reduce routers and switches by 69 percent. Power consumption drops by 40 percent. Throughput increases by 33 percent. The system also uses optical circuit switching for better performance.

Data centres face growing pressure over energy demands. Artificial intelligence workloads drive massive electricity and cooling needs. The new architecture could help ease some of that strain.

The concept draws from random graph theory developed in 1959. Amazon adapted it into a practical system for large scale use. It creates multiple alternative routes for data traffic.

Details on full rollout timelines remain limited. The innovation arrives as operators seek ways to expand without overwhelming power grids. Amazon operates one of the world's largest data centre networks.